Helminth parasites of alien freshwater fishes in Patagonia (Argentina)

A survey of the helminth parasites of alien freshwater fishes from Argentinean Patagonia is presented, based on samples taken from 2010 to 2017 and including previous published records. A total of 1129 fishes were collected, belonging to 11 species from 7 families. We surveyed 34 localities in 12 river basins, and found 43 parasite taxa (15 digeneans, 14 monogeneans, 5 cestodes, 5 nematodes, and 4 acanthocephalans), belonging to 22 families. Data are presented as a parasite/host list with information on host species and localities, site of infection, parasite life–history stage, origin, previous records in Patagonia, and accession numbers to vouchers. The most frequently found helminths were monogeneans and digeneans. Our data suggest that invading fish in Patagonia have transmitted fewer parasite species than they have received by spillback. Twenty–three (53%) of the parasites seem to be acquired by the exotic fishes from native hosts, while 15 helminths were co–introduced along with their exotic fish host and continue to parasitize these alien fish but did not invade native hosts; 4 of these species were introduced with carp, 3 with Cheirodon interruptus, 3 with Corydoras paleatus, 3 with Cnesterodon decemmaculatus, 1 with Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and 1 with Jenynsia multidentata. The majority of these co–introduced parasites came from the Brazilic ichthyogeographic region (10 species). This is the first review of helminth parasites of alien fishes in Argentina; in total 12 new records of parasites for Argentina, 6 new records of parasites for Patagonia, and 29 new host–parasite records are presented here. This list is far from complete, however, given that some basins in southern Patagonia remain unexplored in terms of parasite detection.Fil: Rauque Perez, Carlos Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Viozzi, Gustavo Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Flores, Verónica Roxana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Vega, Rocío Marisol. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Waicheim, María Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Salgado Maldonado, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Méxic

Helmintos zoonóticos en heces caninas de barrios de Bariloche (Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina)

En Patagonia, los estudios sobre presencia de helmintos endoparásitos en heces caninas colectadas en espacios públicos se han realizado en las provincias de Neuquén y de Chubut; en Río Negro no existen estudios de este tipo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un relevamiento preliminar en Bariloche (Patagonia, Argentina), de helmintos endoparásitos en heces caninas en barrios con distintas características socioeconómicas y culturales. En 2011 y 2013, se colectaron heces caninas en 5 barrios y se fraccionaron para su análisis por técnicas directas e indirectas. Se identificaron un total de 10 especies de helmintos, detectándose por análisis directos al cestode Diphyllobothrium sp y a los nematodes Strongyloides sp. Uncinaria sp., Ancylostoma sp., Toxocara sp., Toxascaris sp., Capillaria sp. y Trichuris sp. A través de análisis indirectos se detectaron dos especies de cestodes: Echinococcus granulosus y Taenia sp. El número de especies registradas por barrio varió entre 0 y 6, Trichuris sp. presentó el porcentaje más alto de infección (77%) y Strongyloides sp. fue el parásito más distribuido ocurriendo en 4 de los 5 barrios. En el único barrio muestreado en los 2 años, se registró en ambos muestreos la presencia tanto de E. granulosus como de Diphyllobothrium sp. El hallazgo repetido de diferentes especies parásitas en los distintos barrios, en años alternados de muestreo, indica un patrón de circulación de las parasitosis sostenido por prácticas culturales en un contexto social donde no hay adecuada educación sanitaria, control ni monitoreo. La presencia de equinococosis y de difilobotriosis en perros urbanos se cita por primera vez para la ciudad de Bariloche. Palabras clave: Echinococcus granulosus, Diphyllobothrium sp., heces caninas, espaciosFil: Semenas, Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Flores, Verónica Roxana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Viozzi, Gustavo Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Vazquez, Gabriela. Hospital Zonal Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Alicia. Ministerio de Salud de Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Ritossa, Luciano. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Departamento de Zoologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin

Diversity-Productivity Relationship in the Northeastern Tamaulipan Thornscrub Forest of Mexico

This research examines the diversity-productivity relationship in a semiarid scrubland, initially under late successional conditions and subsequently under early successional conditions created by experimental clearing, to explore the roles that productivity and stochastic mortality play in species exclusion in this environment. A total of fifteen plots were studied by measuring environmental conditions and biomass components of shrubs and seedlings. These stands were distributed along a productivity gradient across five different landforms. A hypothesis about the stochastic self-thinning mortality model along the gradient was evaluated with the diversity-productivity-environment data. The diversity-productivity relationship was linear and reversed between the early and late succession stages. The hypothesis of stochastic mortality of species exclusion was rejected in the early stages of succession and partially accepted in the mature stage of succession. Species exclusion was negatively related to productivity gradients, suggesting that strong interspecific competition occurs in high productivity plots and that a larger number of species can survive in higher abiotic stress landscapes. Further research is needed to understand the temporal and spatial variations of the ecological interactions that shape this plant community

A global assessment of parasite diversity in galaxiid fishes

Free-living species often receive greater conservation attention than the parasites they support, with parasite conservation often being hindered by a lack of parasite biodiversity knowledge. This study aimed to determine the current state of knowledge regarding parasites of the Southern Hemisphere freshwater fish family Galaxiidae, in order to identify knowledge gaps to focus future research attention. Specifically, we assessed how galaxiid–parasite knowledge differs among geographic regions in relation to research effort (i.e., number of studies or fish individuals examined, extent of tissue examination, taxonomic resolution), in addition to ecological traits known to influence parasite richness. To date, ~50% of galaxiid species have been examined for parasites, though the majority of studies have focused on single parasite taxa rather than assessing the full diversity of macro-and microparasites. The highest number of parasites were observed from Argentinean galaxiids, and studies in all geographic regions were biased towards the highly abundant and most widely distributed galaxiid species, Galaxias maculatus. Parasite diversity generally increased with the number of studies and individual fish examined, however studies which examined parasites from all body tissues could overcome the effects of low study effort. In order to promote further understanding of galaxiid–parasite biodiversity, we provide a series of recommendations, including the use of molecular techniques to verify parasite identity, and highlight the future roles both fish biologists and parasitologists can play.Fil: Paterson, Rachel A.. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research.; NoruegaFil: Viozzi, Gustavo Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Rauque Perez, Carlos Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Flores, Verónica Roxana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Poulin, Robert. University of Otago; Nueva Zeland

Methodological proposal on safety in the transmission of medical images in telehealth systems

ABSTRACT Information and communication technologies are managing to modify certain essential aspects in the lives of forgives, one of the positive impacts on the lives of people and even more so in the communities, is related to the democratization of health, bringing health For most people, it improves the quality of life, thus, the objective of this work is to be able to present a practical methodology, to be able to carry out a remote diagnosis, through the analysis of medical images, whether of any type or modality, the methodology is very practical because it does not require high value infrastructure, on the contrary it is considered as low cost, because we use computational resources that are available. The methodology allows a diagnosis by a doctor specializing in radiology, who being at a distance can help the diagnosis. The methodology allows the transmission of information, essential, which corresponds to the identification of the affected areas or that are considered with alterations in the image, this process consists of defining a mask for identification, the doctor who performs the diagnosis does not require sending the original image, otherwise it only requires the sending of the marking, with this you can use simple information delivery mechanisms that do not consume much resources, this is one of its strengths of the methodology. As a result, we present a simulation of the methodology, using computerized tomography images of the Brain, where foreign objects are identified in the image, we proceeded to use the methodology, where the DICOM image was converted to PNG; then we proceeded to mark the foreign objects in the image, and finally the image was obtained with all the markings, this image is sent to the health center of origin, for registration. The methodology can be replicated, used and adapted to each of the characteristics and needs of each health center

Low-cost system for the management of portable basic clinical information, through the use of rfid technologies

ABSTRACT Information and communication technologies are causing a positive impact on people's lives, from communication through mobile devices, which can also be used in multiple applications, such as educational, recreation, among others. One of the areas where it is causing a greater impact is health, because of how important the use of technology is both in diagnosis and treatment, it could be said that in health systems, technology is your best ally, In the present work, a low-cost system is proposed for the management of basic and necessary clinical information, which can be a determining factor in the preservation of the person's life. There are certain factors that can help maintain people's lives in an emergency, such as blood type, if you are allergic to a certain medication, if you have a heart problem, diabetes problems, knowing your personal information, this Information must always be available and at all times. As a result of this research, it is to present a protocol for the management of this information that everyone can carry either as an identification card or as a key ring. What can be decisive in emergency cases

Validación de un modelo econométrico de letalidad por infectados COVID-19, Perú Mayo 2020

Objective: To prove through an econometric model the number of deaths in Peru is significantly related to the number of infected cases of COVID-19. Method: Basic research, not experimental. For the whole country of Peru, 52 series (days) have been taken and in the specific case from the department of Moquegua, 37 series in the period from March 16 until May 10, 2020. The database of the Ministry of Health has been used, the COVID-19 Situation Chamber and the Moquegua Regional Health Management; Pearson's R and R2 are used. Regression models were generated on May 10 (after 52 days after the first death), which must be contrasted on May 31. Results: The models comply with the prediction, with a high and significant R2 and Rho. Conclusions: The death prediction models are corroborated as of May 31, 73 days after the first death in Peru. Pearson's correlation and determination levels in countries which are coming up from the COVID-19 emergency, regions throughout Peru have a high and significant relationship between infected and deceased. The bigger number of infected, the bigger number of deaths. In number and proportion are adults and older adults. 72.5% are male. In Moquegua it is shown the relationship between the levels of diagnostic tests performed and infected.Objetivo: Probar mediante un modelo econométrico que la cantidad de los fallecidos en el Perú se relacionan de manera significativa con el número de casos infectados de COVID- 19. Método: Investigación de tipo básica, no experimental. Para todo el Perú se ha tomado 52 series (días) y en el caso específico del departamento de Moquegua, 37 series en el periodo del 16 de marzo al 10 de mayo del 2020. Se ha utilizado la base de datos del Ministerio de Salud, de la Sala situacional COVID-19 y de la Gerencia Regional de Salud de Moquegua; se emplea el R y R2 de Pearson. Se generaron modelos de regresión el 10 de mayo (luego de 52 días del primer fallecido), que deben ser contrastados el 31 de mayo. Resultados: Los modelos cumplen con la predicción, con un R2 y un Rho altos y significativos. Conclusiones: Los modelos de predicción de fallecidos son corroborados al 31 de mayo, luego de 73 días del primer fallecido en el Perú. Los niveles de correlación y determinación de Pearson en países que están saliendo de la emergencia del COVID-19, las regiones de todo el Perú tienen una alta y significativa relación entre infectados y fallecidos. A mayor número de infectados mayor número de fallecidos. En número y proporción son adultos y adultos mayores. En un 72,5% son varones. En Moquegua se demuestra que hay relación entre los niveles de exámenes diagnósticos realizados e infectados

Fuentes, síntomas y estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés-competitivo en nadadores

La presente investigación de tipo descriptivo transversal tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el estrés precompetitivo de 123 nadadores mexicanos de categoría master. La edad de los participantes osciló entre los 36 y 92 años de edad. El instrumento utilizado para recoger la información fue el cuestionario FUSIES (fuentes, síntomas y estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés), este se aplicó antes de iniciar una competencia nacional perteneciente al serial master de natación. El instrumento midió la percepción del estrés, bajo una escala tipo Likert de 1= nunca y 5 = extremo, con alfa de Cronbach de .95. Entre los principales resultados se observó un nivel normal bajo de estrés (M = 2.307 ± .5) en los nadadores; las fuentes que generan mayor estrés son la injusticia de autoridades (M = 3.70 ± 1.2), mucho tráfico (M = 3.48 ± 1.1) y no tener dinero (M = 3.28 ± 1.2). A su vez, los síntomas de estrés con mayor puntaje en los nadadores es la preocupación (M = 2.96 ± 1.08), la tensión en la espalda (M = 2.62 ± 1.2) y el tartamudeo (M = 2.34 ± 1.3). En lo relativo a las estrategias de afrontamiento que aplican con mayor frecuencia los nadadores son: ejercitarse (M = 3.59 ± 1.35), buscar la solución del problema (M = 3.51 ± 1.35) y pensar positivamente (M = 3.51 ± 1.31). Concluyendo que el pensar positivamente, les permite reducir sus niveles de preocupación, inseguridad y desesperación pre competitiva, por lo que se asume que los niveles de estrés percibidos se encuentran en un nivel moderado.This transversal descriptive research aimed to characterize the stress-precompetitive 123 swimmer's category Mexican master. The age of participants ranged between 36 and 92 years old. The instrument used to collect information was the questionnaire FUSIES (sources, symptoms and stress coping strategies), this was applied before starting a master serial belonging to national swimming competition. The instrument measures perceived stress, under a Likert scale from 1 = never and 5 = extreme, with Cronbach's alpha of .95. Among the main results normal low stress (M = 2,307 ± 0.5) was observed in swimmers; sources that generate greater stress are the injustice of authorities (M = 3.70 ± 1.2), a lot of traffic (M = 3.48 ± 1.1) and no money (M= 3.28 ± 1.2). In turn, symptoms of stress with the highest score in swimmers is Concern (M= 2.96 ± 1.08), the back strain (M= 2.62 ± 1.2) and stuttering (M= 2.34 ± 1.3). Regarding coping strategies most frequently applied swimmers are: exercise (M= 3.59 ± 1.35), finding the solution (M = 3.51 ± 1.35) and think positively (M = 3.51 ± 1.31). Think positively concluding that allows them to reduce their levels of concern, insecurity and desperation pre-competitive, so it is assumed that levels of perceived stress are at a moderate level.Esta pesquisa descritiva transversal objetivou caracterizar a 123 nadadores o estresse pré-competitiva na natação master mexicana. A idade dos participantes variou entre 36 e 92 anos de idade. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de informações foi o FUSIES (fontes, sintomas e estratégias de confronto do estresse), este foi aplicado antes de iniciar um serial master da competição nacional de natação. O instrumento mediu o estresse percebido com a escala de Likert de 1 = nunca e 5 = sempre, com alfa de Cronbach 0,95. Entre os principais resultados o nível normail-baixo de estresse (M = 2,307 ± 0,5) foi observada nos nadadores; fontes que geram uma maior estresse são a injustiça das autoridades (M = 3,70 ± 1,2), tráfego (M = 3,48 ± 1,1) e não ter dinheiro (M = 3,28 ± 1,2). Por sua vez, sintomas de estresse com o maior número de pontos em nadadores é a preocupação (M = 2,96 ± 1,08), a tensão nas costas (M = 2,62 ± 1,2) e tartamudez (M = 2,34 ± 1,3). No que diz respeito as estratégias de confronto mais frequentemente aplicada pelos nadadores são fazer exercício (M = 3,59 ± 1,35), procurar a solução do problema (M = 3,51 ± 1,35) e pensamento positivo (M = 3,51 ± 1,31). Concluindo que o pensamento positivo, permite-lhes reduzir os seus níveis de preocupação, insegurança e desespero pré competitivo, por isso, assumese que os níveis de estresse percebido estão em um nível moderado

Delivery mode-associated gut microbiota in the first 3 months of life in a country with high obesity rates A descriptive study

Delivery methods during childbirth and their related gut microbiota profiles have important impacts on health later in life, they can contribute to the development of diseases such as obesity, whose highest prevalence rate is found among the Mexican child population. Coincidentally, Mexico has one of the highest global average annual rate increase in cesarean births (C-section). Since Mexico leads the world in childhood obesity, studying the relationship between childbirth delivery methods and gut microbiota profiles in this vulnerable population may be used to identify early risk factors for obesity in other developed and developing countries. The objective of this study is to determine the association between child delivery method and gut microbiota profiles in healthy Mexican newborns. Fecal samples of 57 term infants who participated in a randomized clinical trial in 2013 to study the safety ofAgavefructans in newborns, were used in this study. DNA samples were extracted and used to characterize the microbiota composition using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The samples were further divided based on childbirth delivery method, as well as early diet. Gut microbiota profiles were determined and analyzed using cluster analysis followed by multiple correspondence analysis. An unusual high abundance of Proteobacteria was found in the gut microbiota of all Mexican infants studied, regardless of delivery method. Feces from infants born by C-section had low levels of Bacteroidetes, high levels of Firmicutes, especiallyClostridiumandEnterococcus, and a strikingly high ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F:B). Profiles enriched in Bacteroidetes and low F:B ratios, were strongly associated with vaginal delivery. The profile of gut microbiota associated with feces from Mexican infants born by C-section, may be added to the list of boosting factors for the worrying obesity epidemic in Mexico